Second Conditional Form

exercises

Second Conditional Form
Make the second conditional
2) If he (be) younger, he (travel) more. ..
3) If we (not/be) friends, I (be) angry with you. ..
4) If I (have) enough money, I (buy) a big house. ..
5) If she (not/be) always so late, she (be) promoted. ..
6) If we (win) the lottery, we (travel) the world. ..
7) If you (have) a better job, we (be) able to buy a new car. ..
8) If I (speak) perfect English, I (have) a good job. ..
9) If we (live) in Mexico, I (speak) Spanish. ..
10) If she (pass) the exam, she (be) able to enter university. ..
11) She (be) happier if she (have) more friends. ..
12) We (buy) a house if we (decide) to stay here. ..
13) They (have) more money if they (not/buy) so many clothes. ..
14) We (come) to dinner if we (have) time. ..
15) She (call) him if she (have) his number. ..
16) They (go) to Spain on holiday if they (like) hot weather. ..
17) She (pass) the exam if she (study) more. ..
18) I (marry) someone famous if I (be) a movie star. ..
19) We (not/be) late again if we (buy) a new car. ..
20) You (lose) weight if you (eat) less. ..

Should

Read the sentences. Write should or shouldn´t

1)If it´s rainy you  take an umbrella.

2)Tom    eat so many lollipops. It´s bad for his teeth.

3) a)  I drink hot tea if I have a sore throat?

    b) Yes, you .

4) They have a test tomorrow. They   go to the cinema . They  stay at home and study!

5) Children  eat  lots of vegetables but they   eat lots of sweets.

6) I have a party tonight. What  I wear?  A dress or a pair of trousers?

7) The doctor said: "_ You   eat healthy food. You  eat fast food. You   watch so much  

    TV. You   walk 1 hour a day. You  drink fruit juice and water. You   drink wine or beer

Look at the pictures . Make sentences giving advice to these people . Use should.

   He has a   ..............,   so  .......

                 He has a

 so  

   He has a..............., so...............

  He has a...................., so.............

   He has a....................., so............

Healthy living

Exercise 2 - should / shouldn't

Complete the sentences.
Use the present continuous form of the verb in brackets.
Use contractions where possible.

1. It's cold. Youa cardigan. (wear)
2. She's always tired. Sheto bed late every night. (go)
3. now? (we / leave)
4. Yousome fruit or vegetables every day. (eat)
5. The studentstheir mobile phones in the exam. (use)
6. Youthe teacher to help you if you don't understand the lesson. (ask)
7. Peoplefast in the town centre. (drive)
8. the dress or the skirt? (I / buy)

Global warming

                                                      Global warming

                                                  Pollution and global warming

Malala

                                                                               Malala

Conditionals - Grammar and exercises

CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

First Conditional

Form: IF + PRESENT SIMPLE, WILL + INFINITIVE.

If I don´t finish my homework, I will stay home

Use: acciones que ocurrirán si se cumple la condición señalada. Hay muchas 

posibilidades de que la acción ocurra

UNLESS = IF NOT

Unless he finishes this, he will stay in the office = If he does not finish this, 

he will stay in the office

Second Conditional

Form: IF + PAST SIMPLE, WOULD + INFINITIVE

If I saw a thief, I would hide in the wardrobe

Use: acciones hipotéticas referidas al presente o futuro, es decir, que es poco 

probable que ocurran

Third Conditional

Form: IF + PAST PERFECT, WOULD HAVE + PARTICIPLE

If Tom had known her phone number, he would have called her

Use: condiciones totalmente imposibles, pues se refieren al pasado y no 

pueden realizarse

Exercises

Exercises

Exercises - statements

Exercises - negation

Pizza Verdi

Pizza Verdi

The interviewer

The interviewer

Conditional exercises

Conditional sentences type 1

Conditional I

Conditionals

Exercises
More excercises

How to use comparatives and superlatives

Comparative and superlative

films and series

http://ororo.tv/es

English is not easy

http://esartoledoenglish.blogspot.com.es/

WILL AND BE GOING TO (Canciones)

It will rain
I´ll be there for you
Gloria Gainor I´ll survive
We´re goint to be friends
The BeatlesYou are going to loose that girl

Will and going to

Will and going to

Mr Bean : Going to
Exercises
Exercises 1
Exercises 2
Will/be going to

Tiempo Verbal Futuro: BE GOING TO y WILL

Existe una diferencia entre estas dos formas de expresar el futuro. Generalmente "to be + going to"  se usa para acciones que van a suceder muy pronto o para expresar un plan que se tiene. "Will" se usa para expresar una promesa, una predicción o algo que se quiere hacer en el futuro.

"Going to":

El tiempo futuro con "going to" se usa más comúnmente en el lenguaje hablado cuando se quiere hacer referencia al futuro inmediato, es decir, a algo que está por ocurrir.
Ejemplos:

• She is going to pay with a credit card = Ella va a pagar con una tarjeta de crédito (algo que está por ocurrir).

• I am going to drop off my prescription over there = voy a dejar mi prescripción médica allá.

También se emplea para hablar de intenciones o planes para hacer algo:
Ejemplo:

• I’m going to learn English = voy a aprender inglés.

Se forma con el verbo"to be" conjugado para la persona correspondiente, seguido de "going to" y el verbo base.

"To be" + "going to" + verbo:

• I am going to pay = yo voy a pagar.
• You are going to pay = tú vas a pagar.
• He is going to pay = él va a pagar.
• She is going to pay = ella va a pagar.
• It is going to pay = eso va a pagar.
• We are going to pay = nosotros vamos a pagar.
• You are going to pay = ustedes van a pagar.
• They are going to pay = ellos/ellas van a pagar.

"Will": 

El futuro con "will" se utiliza para hablar de decisiones que se toman mientras se habla:
Ejemplos:

• I need to get my medicine. I will go to the pharmacy tonight.
  Necesito comprar mi medicina. Iré a la farmacia esta noche.

• I need some cash. I will pay with my debit card and ask for cash back.
  Necesito algo de efectivo. Pagaré con mi tarjeta débito y pediré efectivo de vuelta.

También es usado para decir predicciones de carácter general:

Ejemplos:

• I’m sure it will rain tomorrow.
  Estoy seguro de que va a llover mañana.
  
• Gerardo Gómez will win the election.
  Gerardo Gómez va a ganar las elecciones.

Se forma con el verbo "will" + verbo:

• I will pay later.
• You will pay later.
• He will pay later.
• She will pay later.
• It will pay later.
• We will pay later.
• You will pay later.
• They will pay later.

¡Impotante!

"will" es un verbo modal (o auxiliar) que se utiliza para formar el futuro.

"will" siempre debe ir acompañado de otro verbo para formar el futuro. 

Differences Between Future Tenses ( in English)

1. We use "going to" to talk about a planned activity for future.

For instance:

A: There is a good movie on TV tonight.
B: Yes. I know. I am going to watch it.

A: Why is Betty in a hurry?
B: Because she is going to meet her brother at the station at six.


2. We use "will" when we decide to do something at the time of speaking.

For instance :

A: What would you like to drink, sir?
B: I will have a glass of milk, please.


A: Oh, you have left the door open.
B: Have I? I will go and shut it.


3. We use "going to" for prediction in the near future. The speaker is sure because there are signs about it.

For instance :

She is standing at the edge of the cliff, she is going to fall.

A: What is the problem? There are strange noises in the lift.
B: I think the lift is going to break down .Let’s get out!

A: I feel cold.
B: Look at those black clouds. It is going to rain.

A: What is the matter with you?
B: I feel terrible. I think I am going to be ill.


4. We use "will" for prediction in the remote future

For instance :

A: How is he, doctor?
B: Don’t worry. He will get better.

A: The bridge is not so safe.
B: Yes. One day it will break down.


5. We use "will" for requests, invitations and offers.

For instance :

Will you shut the door, please? (Request)
Will you come to the cinema with me? (Invitation)
That bag looks very heavy. I will help you. (Offer)


6. We generally use "will" for prediction with the following verbs and phrases.

Believe , expect , hope , think , wonder , I’m sure , I’m afraid ...etc

I believe he will pass the exam.
I hope he won’t leave us.
I am afraid he will fail the exam.
Do you think they will divorce?


7. We use "will" with the adverbs Perhaps, probably, certainly

We do not use going to in this case.

Perhaps they will support you in the election.
Jackson will probably go to London next year.


8. We use "will" to express promise, not going to

I will study medicine at university.
I will stop going to the casino.


9. We use "will" in a question tag after imperative, not going to.

Do it today, will you?
Don’t look at your friend’s paper, will you?


10. We use "will" to give an order or state our wishes, not be going to.

Will you turn on the lights?


11. We use "will" to express an action in necessity in the future, not be going to.

You will have to pay a fine if you don’t pay your tax on time.


12. We use "will" for threat.

Study hard or you will fail.
Give me all your money or you will die.

FUTURO: PRESENTE CONTINUO

Usaremos el presente continuo con valor de futuro para planes que ya se han organizado, planes fijos. Esto es muy importante para que podáis distinguirlo del be going to (que también se usa para expresar planes. Los planes con be going to son más bien intenciones, no son fijos como los expresados con el presente continuo porque todavía no han sido organizados). 

I am having lunch with a friend tomorrow (voy a comer con un amigo mañana) 
→ (ya hemos quedado)
I am visiting Paris next week (voy a visitar Paris la semana que viene) 
→ (ya tengo el vuelo)
We are having a party this weekend (vamos a hacer una fiesta este fin de semana) 
→ (ya hemos dado las invitaciones a la gente)

Compara:
I'm going to get married (me voy a casar) → Lo tengo en mente, lo tengo planeado.
I'm getting married (me voy a casar) → Lo tengo planeado y además he cogido fecha en la iglesia.

Going to or Will

When we want to talk about future facts or things we believe to be true about the future, we use 'will'.

• The President will serve for four years.
• The boss won't be very happy.
• I'm sure you'll like her.
• I'm certain he'll do a good job.

If we are not so certain about the future, we use 'will' with expressions such as 'probably', 'possibly', 'I think', 'I hope'.

• I hope you'll visit me in my home one day.
• She'll probably be a great success.
• I'll possibly come but I may not get back in time.
• I think we'll get on well.

If you are making a future prediction based on evidence in the present situation, use 'going to'.

• Not a cloud in the sky. It's going to be another warm day.
• Look at the queue. We're not going to get in for hours.
• The traffic is terrible. We're going to miss our flight.
• Be careful! You're going to spill your coffee.

At the moment of making a decision, use 'will'. Once you have made the decision, talk about it using 'going to'.

• I'll call Jenny to let her know. Sarah, I need Jenny's number. I'm going to call her about the meeting.
• I'll come and have a drink with you but I must let Harry know. Harry, I'm going to have a drink with Simon.

Comparativos, superlativos e igualdad en ingles

Los adjetivos pueden servir para hacer comparaciones entre sustantivos, como cuando se dice por ejemplo:

-Esta casa es más grande que aquella otra,

-Aquella chica es la mas bonita de todas.

El adjetivo tiene tres grados de comparación:

Positivo	Comparativo	Superlativo
tall (alto/a).	taller (más alto).	the tallest (el más alto).
dark (oscuro/a).	darker (más oscuro).	the darkest (el más oscuro).
expensive (caro/a).	more expensive (más caro).	the most expensive (el más caro).
interesting (interesante).	more interesting (más interesante).	the most interesting (el más interesante).

Reglas de los comparativos

Para hacer el comparativo de superioridad se añade er al adjetivo de una o dos sílabas; pero sí tiene tres o más sílabas se coloca la palabra more delante. Si el adjetivo de dos sílabas termina en “y”, ésta se cambia por una i y luego se añade er.

Ejemplos de adjetivos con una o dos sílabas:

short = bajo.

shorter = más bajo.

happy = feliz.

happier = más feliz

rich = rico.

richer = más rico.

pretty = bonito, guapa.

prettier = más bonito, más guapa.

nice = simpático.

nicer = más simpático

small = pequeño.

smaller = más pequeño.

Los adjetivos que acaban en ful ponen delante la palabra more.

Por ejemplo:

careful = cuidadoso.

more careful = más cuidadoso.

Ejemplos de adjetivos de tres o más sílabas:

important = importante.

more important = más importante.

wonderful = maravilloso.

more wonderful = más maravilloso.

intelligent = inteligente.

more intelligent = más inteligente.

beautiful = hermoso.

more beautiful = más hermoso.

Reglas de los superlativos

Para hacer el superlativo se añade est al adjetivo de una o dos sílabas, pero si tiene tres o más sílabas se pone most delante del adjetivo.

Ejemplos de adjetivos de tres o más sílabas:

the shortest = el más bajo.

the happiest = el más feliz.

the richest = el más rico.

the prettiest = la más bonita.

the most intelligent = el más inteligente.

the most wonderful = el más maravilloso.

the most beautiful = la más hermosa.

the most important = el más importante.

Hay adjetivos que no siguen las reglas ya explicadas y conviene tenerlos muy en cuenta:

Positivo	Comparativo	Superlativo
good = bueno/a buenos/as.	better = mejor	the best = el mejor.
bad = malo/a, malos/as	worse = peor.	the worst = el peor.
little = poco/a, pocos/as.	less = menos.	the least = el menos, el mínimo
much = mucho/s.	more = más.	The most = el más, el máximo.
far = lejano/a, lejanos/as.	farther = más lejano.	the farthest = el más, lejano

.

Comparativos de igualdad

as … as … = tan … como

not as (not so) … as … = no tan … como

Ejemplos:

She is as good as Mary = Es tan buena como María.

He is as fat as his brother = Es tan gordo como su hermano.

I am not as pretty as she is = No soy tan guapa como ella.

We are not as rich as the Smiths = No somos tan ricos como l

Confusing words. Such or so?

Such is a determiner; so is an adverb. They often have the same meaning of ‘very’ or ‘to this degree’.

Those are such good chocolates.

Those chocolates are so good.

Typical errors:

Examples:

 

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